Ketamine is an anesthetic and analgesic drug that can also cause an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. The main reason behind this increase in blood pressure is due to ketamine’s sympathomimetic effects, which means it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
Ketamine acts on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the central nervous system, but it also has effects on other receptors, such as opioid and monoaminergic receptors. The stimulation of these receptors leads to the release of catecholamines, including norepinephrine and epinephrine, which activate the SNS. This activation results in an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
The duration of ketamine’s effect on blood pressure varies depending on several factors, including the dose administered, the route of administration, and the individual’s response to the drug. In general, the increase in blood pressure and heart rate may last for the duration of the ketamine infusion and for a short period afterward. Typically, this can range from a few minutes to an hour, but it can vary among individuals.
In a clinical setting, healthcare professionals closely monitor patients’ vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate, during ketamine infusions to ensure patient safety. If a significant increase in blood pressure occurs, they may take appropriate measures, such as adjusting the dose or administering additional medications, to manage the situation.
It is important to note that individuals with a history of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, or other medical conditions should discuss the potential risks and benefits of ketamine therapy with their healthcare provider before undergoing treatment.
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